<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Optimistic Skeptic]]></title><description><![CDATA[Chemical Engineer (Purdue) MBA Finance and Economics (University of Chicago) Trying my best to have fun using my brain to look at science, data, facts and logic to analyze important (at least to me) questions and sometimes even influence somebody]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qIh_!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F00d6c222-81fe-46fb-9dd2-b501d3f3cc9e_1107x1107.png</url><title>Optimistic Skeptic</title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2026 15:49:32 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Robert Gonzalez]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[rggonz@optimistic-skeptic.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[rggonz@optimistic-skeptic.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[rggonz@optimistic-skeptic.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[rggonz@optimistic-skeptic.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Higher Education?]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/higher-education</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/higher-education</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2026 14:47:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5c8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F748f6421-d9c0-4def-b863-b3fb4c84233f_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M" tabindex="0" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M" tabindex="0" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Who’s afraid of what]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/whos-afraid-of-what</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/whos-afraid-of-what</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2026 00:40:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!isB6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e873def-54f3-4331-91c9-c7661b455697_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!isB6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e873def-54f3-4331-91c9-c7661b455697_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!isB6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e873def-54f3-4331-91c9-c7661b455697_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!isB6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e873def-54f3-4331-91c9-c7661b455697_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Democrat Economic Illiteracy?]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/democrat-economic-illiteracy</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/democrat-economic-illiteracy</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2026 13:05:52 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zsvQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa01e3e51-8924-468b-a743-2f4dd89f5dd3_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[CPI October 2026]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/cpi-october-2026</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/cpi-october-2026</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2026 15:47:39 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png" width="1456" height="1063" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1063,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:108028,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/224322607?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o7ZC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F23c1827a-d705-4f51-8f34-b9b699b5b31a_1776x1297.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Equal Justice for All]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/equal-justice-for-all-df0</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/equal-justice-for-all-df0</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 07 Nov 2026 13:00:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1040,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:387455,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/223894342?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SOyH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F305ab8e1-a7f0-4303-a8c7-e12b411b58ef_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M" tabindex="0" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M" tabindex="0" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[My nightmare]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/my-nightmare</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/my-nightmare</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2026 14:08:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg" width="1414" height="1113" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rtmo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b678eac-c9e0-46f3-9923-c50baa258ee2_1414x1113.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Yikes]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/yikes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/yikes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2026 12:35:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KWna!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da76cef-796a-442b-8c47-f9804db48876_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KWna!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6da76cef-796a-442b-8c47-f9804db48876_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Art of the Deal?]]></title><description><![CDATA[If the blue wave was because Trump is an a&#8217;hole - understandable]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/art-of-the-deal</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/art-of-the-deal</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 12:29:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0zk0!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b4f3ba-1b07-4272-8629-045fb3c90bea_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>If the blue wave was because Trump is an a&#8217;hole - understandable</p><p>If the blue wave&nbsp;was because our Country is adopting critical theory (socialism, identity politics, subjective truth) - we are in trouble.</p><p>From @ojvectivist on X re Vance&#8217;s explanation: Start with Vance&#8217;s method. A team of data analysts obsessing over electorate composition, pollsters asked to explain the loss after it happens, a survey handed to defecting voters asking what would bring them back. This is the technique of a pragmatist. A man of principle could not care less about polls. He cares about ideas and whether they are right or wrong, and he would rather lose every election in his lifetime doing the right thing than win a single one doing the wrong thing. He holds a standard, measures his actions against it, and knows before the returns come in whether he governed by it. Victory means nothing to him if the price is his principles, because a victory won by abandoning what is right is a defeat in everything that matters. That is not what is happening here. These men are asking the crowd what it feels because they have no idea what is true, then adjusting their convictions to match the answer. Ayn Rand named this method decades ago. When men abandon reason as their guide, the opinion survey becomes their substitute for thought.</p><p>Observe what the assessment leaves out entirely. Not one word about tariffs, a tax on Americans that the Supreme Court struck down as unconstitutional and the administration reimposed under a different statute, running through two years of roughly 6% cumulative inflation. Not one word about roughly 30 government equity stakes in private companies, which is socialism practiced by the party that claims to oppose it. Not one word about a brand new universal entitlement, two trillion dollar deficits, or a 40 trillion dollar debt. &#8220;Focus on cost of living&#8221; appears as a polling answer with no causal analysis attached, because the causal analysis indicts their own record. The most honest assessment somehow misses every policy the voters threw them out over.</p><p>Then Vance&#8217;s 4 conclusions which are out of context slogans which are meaningless as such. The reason we lost is the war. Half true and twisted. Hitting the regime that has waged war on us for 47 years was right and four decades overdue. What voters watched afterward was the goal line surrender, a so called deal championed by the appeaser Vance, who stood at Lake Lucerne praising the framework as the foundation for a final agreement while it waived Iran&#8217;s oil sanctions and released $12 billion in frozen assets to a regime left standing, with our forces still taking fire in the strait. The failure is not that we fought. The failure is that we paid the enemy and called it peace while they still shoot at us to this day. And buried at answer four is the actual agenda, change our relationship to Israel. This disgusting faction of the Republican party that cannot define socialism while its administration practices it has one firm conviction, pushing away the only free nation in the region, our one reliable ally against the theocracy we are trying to buy off, just as Obama did. At least Obama dropped the pallets of cash for all to see.</p><p>This is why Republicans and Democrats keep winning in alternating cycles while freedom loving Americans lose a little more freedom each time. Both parties govern by the same premises, spending, controls, entitlements, state stakes in industry. Neither offers an alternative, so voters punish whoever stands closest to the wreckage while the wreckage keeps growing.</p><p>The pollsters then measure the anger and recommend sharper messaging, and Walsh pronounces the measurement honest.</p><p>Honesty is the refusal to fake reality. An assessment that evades tariffs, socialism, and a bought off theocracy while blaming the one thing done partly right is not honest. It is a crowd reading performed by men who long ago stopped checking their premises against anything but each other.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Insane]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/insane</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/insane</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 04 Nov 2026 03:46:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fiH8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff112a018-a8ad-402b-a41a-ef5732a905a0_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The new Democrats (2)]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/the-new-democrats-2</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/the-new-democrats-2</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 21:37:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vDCl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4a2fc0e-3702-4ffe-b01d-994cf41a2ce0_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The new Democrats]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/the-new-democrats</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/the-new-democrats</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 21:26:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0f4l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ac19aab-a1c2-401a-a4f6-39384b506d30_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0f4l!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ac19aab-a1c2-401a-a4f6-39384b506d30_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0f4l!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ac19aab-a1c2-401a-a4f6-39384b506d30_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0f4l!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ac19aab-a1c2-401a-a4f6-39384b506d30_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[This is normal]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/this-is-normal</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/this-is-normal</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2026 21:25:35 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1349,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:442025,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/223390650?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KcZL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49a104a5-9704-4d90-a0ae-bab383df0caa_1480x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Oooops ACA design blowing up]]></title><description><![CDATA[https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/11/as-predicted-the-aca-exchanges-seem-not-to-be-stable.html]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/oooops-aca-design-blowing-up</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/oooops-aca-design-blowing-up</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2026 00:13:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1040,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:417335,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/222863747?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZZn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63b5f2d5-2270-4179-992a-0928f36b7b52_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/11/as-predicted-the-aca-exchanges-seem-not-to-be-stable.html</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hope not politically naïve like husband]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/hope-not-politically-naive-like-husband</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/hope-not-politically-naive-like-husband</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2026 02:19:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1040,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:361669,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/222431753?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rm2z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2492b49e-c3bb-40f8-9fb9-abed2711cdfb_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Europe - Government > Private Sector]]></title><description><![CDATA[From Luis Garicano]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/europe-government-private-sector</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/europe-government-private-sector</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2026 15:10:35 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ys4R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea8bfebf-2c24-460b-bc6b-d896d16f2382_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>From Luis Garicano</p><p>The biggest, and stupidest, myth in European politics, particularly popular in France, is that Europe suffers the consequences of &#8220;austerity&#8221; and &#8220;neoliberalism&#8221;. In the biggest 5 countries in Europe, more than half of the population makes its income from the state, less than half from the private sector. This is what makes the problem of reducing the welfare state so impossible: more than half of the voters are net recipients. No surprise that Italy&#8217;s budget has not been balanced in 100 years, France&#8217;s in 50 years (ooh la la, l&#8217;aust&#233;rit&#233;!!):</p><p>-France: 30 million from the state versus 21m private sector workers. State spending is 57% of GDP, taxes more than half the economy. The budget hasn&#8217;t been balanced in the lifetime of most French (since 1974).</p><p>- Germany: 35 million adults from the state, versus 34 million from the private sector. 10% of the population is registered as severely disabled. Public spending is over half of GDP. Germany has had a continuous budget deficit since 2019.</p><p>-Italy: 23 million from the state, versus  20.5 million private-sector workers. Public spending is 51% of GDP.  Italy has had a budget deficit every year since 1925, for 100 years.</p><p>- Spain more people get their income from the state since 2024: 18.21 million from the public sector versus 17.9 million people working in the private sector. Since 2025, Spain also had more government employees than self-employed workers (aut&#243;nomos) for the first time in history. State spending is at 45%, budget has not been balanced since 2007.</p><p>- UK: 54% of households now receive more in state benefits than they pay in taxes. State spending is 44.5% of GDP, taxes (40%) are at their highest since 1950, the budget hasn&#8217;t been balanced since 2001, and 1 in 5 new cars is paid by the government through a bizarre state disability scheme (Motability).</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:221898883,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.grumpy-economist.com/p/saving-the-welfare-state&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2178684,&quot;embedding_publication_id&quot;:2516206,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Grumpy Economist&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UFgc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf9ce6e0-0adc-47c1-9cc3-9a4766b41ec5_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Saving the Welfare State&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;I was invited to the &#8220;Festival Internazionale dell&#8217; Economia&#8221; in Turin, to speak about inflation and debt. The grand topic of the conference is &#8220;Saving the welfare state&#8221; (&#8220;Salvare lo stato sociale&#8221;). So, I added some typically grumpy comments on that topic.&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-10-25T21:04:05.457Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:94,&quot;comment_count&quot;:28,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:18572918,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;John H. Cochrane&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:&quot;grumpyeconomist&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XH8t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6edc5e62-79ae-4d03-b5f3-4732fbea4277_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Economist at the Hoover Institution&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:&quot;2023-12-13T23:44:08.062Z&quot;,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:null,&quot;publicationUsers&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2192779,&quot;user_id&quot;:18572918,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2178684,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:true,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:2178684,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;The Grumpy Economist&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;johnhcochrane&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:&quot;www.grumpy-economist.com&quot;,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;News, views, and commentary from a free market point of view. I moved from Blogger to Substack in December 2023. For previous posts back to 2011 see my Blogger page at https://johnhcochrane.blogspot.com&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/af9ce6e0-0adc-47c1-9cc3-9a4766b41ec5_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:18572918,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:18572918,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#8AE1A2&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2023-12-13T23:44:46.258Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:null,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;John H. Cochrane&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:null,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;disabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;newspaper&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}}],&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:null,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:1,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;subscriber&quot;,&quot;tier&quot;:1,&quot;accent_colors&quot;:null},&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://www.grumpy-economist.com/p/saving-the-welfare-state?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;embedding_publication_id=2516206"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UFgc!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf9ce6e0-0adc-47c1-9cc3-9a4766b41ec5_500x500.png" loading="lazy"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">The Grumpy Economist</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">Saving the Welfare State</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">I was invited to the &#8220;Festival Internazionale dell&#8217; Economia&#8221; in Turin, to speak about inflation and debt. The grand topic of the conference is &#8220;Saving the welfare state&#8221; (&#8220;Salvare lo stato sociale&#8221;). So, I added some typically grumpy comments on that topic&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">15 days ago &#183; 94 likes &#183; 28 comments &#183; John H. Cochrane</div></a></div><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:221975502,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://thetwocents.substack.com/p/this-time-would-have-to-be-very-different&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7882491,&quot;embedding_publication_id&quot;:2516206,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Two Cents&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SaFo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25a0ab54-9e6b-49b5-9e33-9bbc96664958_747x747.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;This time would have to be very different. &quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;Every fall, when I teach my Capital Markets class, we think about how we can back out reasonable estimates of expected returns on stocks from stock prices.&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-10-25T16:06:31.824Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:31,&quot;comment_count&quot;:3,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:15308999,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Hanno Lustig&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:&quot;hannolustig&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3c171d95-f94f-4432-8b6b-9c45cea17e4c_533x533.jpeg&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Economist at Stanford. Fascinated by exchange rates. Really wanted to be a pilot. Actually, taxes do fund spending.&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:&quot;2022-04-25T06:15:36.614Z&quot;,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:&quot;2026-04-08T03:30:48.252Z&quot;,&quot;publicationUsers&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:8043668,&quot;user_id&quot;:15308999,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7882491,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:true,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:7882491,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;The Two Cents&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;thetwocents&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:null,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;A space for musings on economic policy and political economy by Hanno Lustig and Romain Wacziarg&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/25a0ab54-9e6b-49b5-9e33-9bbc96664958_747x747.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:73455464,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:73455464,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#FF6719&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-03T04:40:47.269Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:null,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Romain Wacziarg&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:null,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;disabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;newspaper&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}},{&quot;id&quot;:8042774,&quot;user_id&quot;:15308999,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7881719,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:false,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:7881719,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Hanno's Substack&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;twoeurocents&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:null,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;My personal Substack&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eeecdab1-8108-4749-96cf-8ec3d6b5424b_144x144.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:15308999,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:null,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#FF6719&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-03T02:59:15.158Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:null,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Hanno Lustig&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:null,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;disabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;newspaper&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}}],&quot;twitter_screen_name&quot;:&quot;HannoLustig&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:null,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:null,&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://thetwocents.substack.com/p/this-time-would-have-to-be-very-different?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;embedding_publication_id=2516206"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SaFo!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25a0ab54-9e6b-49b5-9e33-9bbc96664958_747x747.png" loading="lazy"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">The Two Cents</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">This time would have to be very different. </div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">Every fall, when I teach my Capital Markets class, we think about how we can back out reasonable estimates of expected returns on stocks from stock prices&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">15 days ago &#183; 31 likes &#183; 3 comments &#183; Hanno Lustig</div></a></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Zylenskyy not the problem]]></title><description><![CDATA[Putin is evil and lies]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/zylenskyy-not-the-problem</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/zylenskyy-not-the-problem</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 14:02:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1040,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:391945,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/221638655?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8F_O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd44dfa2b-bd33-48f6-a1be-df096c594a20_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Putin is evil and lies</p><p> Trump can&#8217;t be trusted</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[So sad]]></title><description><![CDATA[Putin is evil, not a humanitarian]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/son-sad</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/son-sad</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 00:33:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1040,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:477563,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/i/221567138?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bplm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fac2dd911-a79a-4815-80f9-8d91dc5dee0a_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What’s happening in France]]></title><description><![CDATA["It&#8217;s the Revolution, we&#8217;re taking the Bastille!"]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/whats-happening-in-france</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/whats-happening-in-france</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2026 16:00:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg" width="1456" height="1040" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Sdh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8face65d-1a49-487c-a0ba-66b2553fa723_1920x1371.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:221055060,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.thefp.com/p/the-french-republic-is-under-attack-democracy-tyranny-unrest&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:260347,&quot;embedding_publication_id&quot;:2516206,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Free Press&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XTc7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The French Republic Is Under Attack&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;&#8220;C&#8217;est la R&#233;volution, on prend la Bastille!&#8221; the protesters shouted as they broke into Marseille&#8217;s city hall in France on Saturday. It&#8217;s the Revolution. We&#8217;re taking the Bastille. Carrying a Palestinian flag, they overturned furniture and knocked a bust of Marianne, the symbol of the French Republic, to the floor. Protesters elsewhere stormed buildings across the country.&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-10-18T22:13:29.996Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:187,&quot;comment_count&quot;:470,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:350591317,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Simone Rodan-Benzaquen&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:null,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Simone Rodan-Benzaquen is senior envoy for Europe at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Follow her on X at @SRodan.&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:null,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:null,&quot;is_guest&quot;:true,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:null,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:null,&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://www.thefp.com/p/the-french-republic-is-under-attack-democracy-tyranny-unrest?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;embedding_publication_id=2516206"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XTc7!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">The Free Press</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">The French Republic Is Under Attack</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">&#8220;C&#8217;est la R&#233;volution, on prend la Bastille!&#8221; the protesters shouted as they broke into Marseille&#8217;s city hall in France on Saturday. It&#8217;s the Revolution. We&#8217;re taking the Bastille. Carrying a Palestinian flag, they overturned furniture and knocked a bust of Marianne, the symbol of the French Republic, to the floor. Protesters elsewhere stormed buildings across the country&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">20 days ago &#183; 187 likes &#183; 470 comments &#183; Simone Rodan-Benzaquen</div></a></div><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:220051769,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.thefp.com/p/niall-ferguson-why-europe-burning-government-protest&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:260347,&quot;embedding_publication_id&quot;:2516206,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Free Press&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XTc7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Niall Ferguson: Why Europe Is Burning&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;&#8220;The most French thing I&#8217;ve ever seen&#8221; was a couple sipping wine in a sidewalk caf&#233;, probably discussing Jean-Paul Sartre, while a fire started by protesters raged on the other side of the boulevard. Disappointingly, the video posted on X was from three years ago, but it suited the moment last week.&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-10-12T17:31:18.909Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:433,&quot;comment_count&quot;:553,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:246961336,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Niall Ferguson&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/db995ba0-3697-4da7-a621-525b03951a5b_1200x1200.jpeg&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Sir Niall Ferguson, MA, DPhil, FRSE, is a columnist at *The Free Press*, the Milbank Family Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and a senior faculty fellow of The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard. He is the author of 16 books, including *The Pity of War*, *The House of Rothschild*, and *Kissinger, 1923-1968: The Idealist*, which won the Council on Foreign Relations Arthur Ross Book Award. He is a columnist with The Free Press. In addition, he is the founder and managing director of Greenmantle, a New York-based advisory firm, a co-founder of the Latin American fintech company Ual&#225;, and a co-founding trustee of the new University of Austin.&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:null,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:null,&quot;is_guest&quot;:true,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:null,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:null,&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://www.thefp.com/p/niall-ferguson-why-europe-burning-government-protest?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;embedding_publication_id=2516206"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XTc7!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">The Free Press</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">Niall Ferguson: Why Europe Is Burning</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">&#8220;The most French thing I&#8217;ve ever seen&#8221; was a couple sipping wine in a sidewalk caf&#233;, probably discussing Jean-Paul Sartre, while a fire started by protesters raged on the other side of the boulevard. Disappointingly, the video posted on X was from three years ago, but it suited the moment last week&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">a month ago &#183; 433 likes &#183; 553 comments &#183; Niall Ferguson</div></a></div><div class="embedded-post-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:221231776,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.thefp.com/p/douglas-murray-france-stares-down-riots&quot;,&quot;publication_id&quot;:260347,&quot;embedding_publication_id&quot;:2516206,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;The Free Press&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XTc7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Douglas Murray: France Stares Down the Abyss of History&quot;,&quot;truncated_body_text&quot;:&quot;Whenever France burns, people look for precedents, the best comparison to the riots du jour. People throw around dates such as 1968, or sometimes 2005. Those with longer memories cite 1848 or 1789.&quot;,&quot;date&quot;:&quot;2026-10-19T23:14:06.576Z&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:1150,&quot;comment_count&quot;:1110,&quot;bylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:5183504,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Douglas Murray&quot;,&quot;handle&quot;:&quot;douglaskmurray&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9dbfd66e-7267-4260-9ea2-9e65d162d08f_804x804.jpeg&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Douglas Murray is a columnist at *The Free Press.* He also writes a column at *The Spectator* and is the best-selling author of eight books. His work as a reporter has taken him to Iraq, North Korea, northern Nigeria, and Ukraine. Born in London, he now lives in New York.&quot;,&quot;profile_set_up_at&quot;:&quot;2023-02-19T17:08:29.730Z&quot;,&quot;reader_installed_at&quot;:null,&quot;publicationUsers&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:2923053,&quot;user_id&quot;:5183504,&quot;publication_id&quot;:2875730,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;admin&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:true,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:2875730,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Douglas Murray&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;douglaskmurray&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:null,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;Bestselling author and journalist &quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:null,&quot;author_id&quot;:5183504,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:5183504,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#FF6719&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2024-08-11T23:56:44.282Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:null,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Douglas Murray&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:null,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;disabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;profile&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:true,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}},{&quot;id&quot;:599932,&quot;user_id&quot;:5183504,&quot;publication_id&quot;:260347,&quot;role&quot;:&quot;contributor&quot;,&quot;public&quot;:true,&quot;is_primary&quot;:false,&quot;publication&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:260347,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;The Free Press&quot;,&quot;subdomain&quot;:&quot;bariweiss&quot;,&quot;custom_domain&quot;:&quot;www.thefp.com&quot;,&quot;custom_domain_optional&quot;:false,&quot;hero_text&quot;:&quot;A new media company built on the ideals that were once the bedrock of American journalism.&quot;,&quot;logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png&quot;,&quot;author_id&quot;:2067309,&quot;primary_user_id&quot;:114101724,&quot;theme_var_background_pop&quot;:&quot;#f9303d&quot;,&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;2021-01-12T05:33:41.075Z&quot;,&quot;email_from_name&quot;:&quot;The Free Press&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Bari Weiss&quot;,&quot;founding_plan_name&quot;:&quot;Premium&quot;,&quot;community_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;invite_only&quot;:false,&quot;payments_state&quot;:&quot;enabled&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:null,&quot;explicit&quot;:false,&quot;homepage_type&quot;:&quot;newspaper&quot;,&quot;is_personal_mode&quot;:false,&quot;logo_url_wide&quot;:null}}],&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null,&quot;status&quot;:{&quot;bestsellerTier&quot;:null,&quot;subscriberTier&quot;:null,&quot;leaderboard&quot;:null,&quot;vip&quot;:false,&quot;badge&quot;:null,&quot;subscriber&quot;:null}}],&quot;utm_campaign&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null}" data-component-name="EmbeddedPostToDOM"><a class="embedded-post" native="true" href="https://www.thefp.com/p/douglas-murray-france-stares-down-riots?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_campaign=post_embed&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;embedding_publication_id=2516206"><div class="embedded-post-header"><img class="embedded-post-publication-logo" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XTc7!,w_56,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cb7f208-a15c-46a8-a040-7e7a2150def9_1280x1280.png"><span class="embedded-post-publication-name">The Free Press</span></div><div class="embedded-post-title-wrapper"><div class="embedded-post-title">Douglas Murray: France Stares Down the Abyss of History</div></div><div class="embedded-post-body">Whenever France burns, people look for precedents, the best comparison to the riots du jour. People throw around dates such as 1968, or sometimes 2005. Those with longer memories cite 1848 or 1789&#8230;</div><div class="embedded-post-cta-wrapper"><span class="embedded-post-cta">Read more</span></div><div class="embedded-post-meta">19 days ago &#183; 1150 likes &#183; 1110 comments &#183; Douglas Murray</div></a></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Threat to Democracy?]]></title><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/threat-to-democracy-206</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/threat-to-democracy-206</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2026 13:23:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure 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“sciences”]]></title><description><![CDATA[https://www.wsj.com/opinion/the-inmates-run-the-asylum-at-the-psychological-association-5e6538b7?st=uLyA85&reflink=article_copyURL_share]]></description><link>https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/whats-wrong-with-the-sciences</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.optimistic-skeptic.com/p/whats-wrong-with-the-sciences</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Gonzalez]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2026 13:15:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Elxc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529adb33-8240-4d96-98bb-4a7934d48714_1920x1371.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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